Много от нашите близки и познати, особено над 50-годишна възраст, започват да се сблъскват с проблеми със ставната функция, придружени с постоянна болка.
Нека разгледаме защо се случва това и как може да ги предотвратим, поддържайки добра подвижност и движение без дискомфорт.
Кои са най-често срещаните симптоми, свързани с болки в ставите?
Основните и най-често срещани симптоми, които показват наличието на проблем, са:
- Подуване
Самата зона около ставата обикновено е видимо подута, което създава допълнителен натиск. Подуването възниква в резултат на възпаление, което активира имунната система.
- Зачервяване и температура
Това възпаление води до повишаване на температурата (затопляне), предизвиквайки зачервяване в дадената област.
- Изтръпване и скованост
Намалява се и производството на синовиална течност, необходима за смазване на ставата. Поради това, често се появява силна скованост, ограничени движения и скърцане, особено рано сутрин след няколко часа почивка.
Всички тези съпътстващи симптоми, в комбинация със самата болка, може да ограничат или да направят движението невъзможно.
Основни причини за болки в ставите
- Артрит
“Артритът е една от основните и най-чести причини за болка в ставите. Той води до увреждане или изтъняване на самия хрущял, който покрива костите в ставата, а функцията му е да им позволи да се плъзгат без триене. Увреждането може да е следствие от механично износване на хрущяла (както при остеоартрита) или поради имунна реакция (при ревматоиден артрит). С напредване на възрастта, хрущялът не успява да се възстанови правилно, което причинява възпаление и триене, последвано от болка и скованост”, споделя Сашко Дрвошански - главен нутриционист от https://naturatherapy.bg/
- Травма
При травма, тоест падане или по-силен удар в ставата, е възможно да настъпи увреждане на хрущяла, връзките или заобикалящата ги мускулна тъкан, което също може да причини болка. Ако се подлага на подходяща физиотерапия, обикновено отнема около няколко месеца, за да се възстанови успешно, но в зависимост от условията не е необичайно да останат трайни последици и проблеми.
- Заболявания и инфекции
Наскоро бе доказано, че някои автоимунни заболявания, които засягат ставите, като лупус и бактериални инфекции, също има вероятност да ги увредят и да причинят хронична болка. Освен това, възпалението на мускулите и сухожилията в тази област (тендинит) също може да причини дискомфорт и болка.
Стандартни медицински терапии и лечения
- Кога да посетим лекар-ортопед?
Ако имате травма, която ви причинява силна болка и оток, който не изчезва, определено трябва да се обърнете към лекар. Той ще назначи образен и ортопедичен преглед, за да определи естеството на нараняването и последващото лечение. При постепенна поява на болка и скованост, също е добре да се консултирате с лекар за поставяне на точна диагноза. Освен това, във всички случаи се препоръчва редовно да приемате хранителни добавки, за да се опитате да успокоите възпалението и да облекчите симптомите, като осигурите необходимите съставки за възстановяване и смазване.
- Стандартни медицински лечения
При артрит, наранявания и други ставни заболявания лекарите обикновено препоръчват физиотерапия, включваща ултразвукова терапия, инфрачервена терапия, масаж и др. Понякога, ако увреждането е по-голямо, хрущялът е напълно разрушен и е невъзможно да се възстанови, може да се наложи хирургична интервенция или смяна на ставата (обикновено на коляното или тазобедрената) с изкуствена.
Как да се справим с болка в ставите у дома?
- Промяна в начина на живот
Ако страдате от увреждане или заболяване, свързано със ставите, е желателно ежедневно да правите упражнения за разтягане и активиране на тази свръзка. Колкото повече я щадите и не се движите, толкова ще се увеличава сковаността и процесът на рехабилитация ще е по-бавен. Упражненията подобряват кръвообращението и ускоряват процеса на възстановяване и оздравяване. Също, намаляването на теглото е особено важно, тъй като това понижава натовареността върху ставите, което също помага за облекчаване на симптомите и дискомфорта.
- Домашни средства
Последните научни изследвания показват, че много естествени съставки, като билкови екстракти с противовъзпалителен ефект, хранителни добавки на основата на колаген и други, са ефективно средство, помагащо за успокояване на болките в ставите, възстановяване на хрущялната тъкан и улесняване на движението. Съществуват хапчета с патентовани съставки и клинично доказана ефективност, които облекчават симптомите и помагат за възстановяването на хрущяла. Те са безопасни и без странични ефекти дори при продължителна употреба. Може също така да прилагате топли и студени компреси върху подутото място у дома, но най-добре е да го направите след консултация с вашия лекар. Той ще ви препоръча кога и при какви условия е подходящо прилагането на топлинен или охлаждащ ефект.
Как може да се предотврати болката в ставите?
Как може да се предотврати или забави появата на артрит, като изключим нараняванията, които никой не може да предвиди? Редовната физическа активност без прекомерен натиск върху ставите (упражнения, колоездене, йога, но не и бягане), както и приемането на добавки, може да помогнат за възстановяването на хрущяла и поддържането на доброто смазване и подвижност. Това се дължи на факта, че най-честата причина за проблеми със ставите е поддържането на постоянно телесно тегло.
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